On the application of the Spiegler-Kedem model to forward osmosis
                        
                        
                            - Submitting institution
 
                            - 
                                University of Durham
                                
 
                            
 
                            - Unit of assessment
 
                            - 12 - Engineering
 
                            - Output identifier
 
                            - 123250
 
                            - Type
 
                            - D - Journal article
 
                                - DOI
 
                                - 
                                        10.1186/s42480-019-0014-8
                                
 
                                - Title of journal
 
                                - BMC Chemical Engineering 
 
                                - Article number
 
                                - 15
 
                                - First page
 
                                - -
 
                                - Volume
 
                                - 1
 
                                - Issue
 
                                - 1
 
                                - ISSN
 
                                - 25244175
 
                                - Open access status
 
                                - Compliant
 
                            - Month of publication
 
                            - -
 
                            - Year of publication
 
                            - 2019
 
                            - URL
 
                            - 
                                    
                                        https://doi.org/10.1186/s42480-019-0014-8
                                    
                            
 
                            - Supplementary information
 
                            - 
-                            
 
                            - Request cross-referral to
 
                            - -
 
                            - Output has been delayed by COVID-19
 
                            - No
 
                            - COVID-19 affected output statement
 
                            - -
 
                            - Forensic science
 
                            - No
 
                            - Criminology
 
                            - No
 
                            - Interdisciplinary
 
                            - Yes
 
                            - Number of additional authors
 
                            - 
                                -
                            
 
                            - Research group(s)
 
                            - 
-                            
 
                            - Proposed double-weighted
 
                            - No
 
                            - Reserve for an output with double weighting
 
                            - No
 
                            - Additional information
 
                            - Reclamation of potable water from seawater is crucial. This is the first paper to assess, for forward osmosis, the performance of the acclaimed Spiegler-Kedem (S-K) model whose parameters are water and salt permeabilities and leakage coefficient. Analysis showed intriguing counter-intuitive outcomes for forward osmosis because the linkage of leakage coefficient to solvent flux is ill-founded. This necessitates re-examination of the S-K model for both forward and reverse osmosis. More appropriate linkages to applied pressure are being explored in collaboration with major centres worldwide: European Desalination Society Director-General Balaban (balaban@desline.com) and Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Singapore (Professor Wang RWang@ntu.edu.sg).
 
                            - Author contribution statement
 
                            - -
 
                            - Non-English
 
                            - No
 
                            - English abstract
 
                            - -